Dyspnea

Dyspnea - shortness of breath.

Patients suffering from asthma, usually complain of shortness of breath or tightness in the chest when breathing.

Neurophysiological basis of dyspnea is unclear. It is believed that it is based may lie violations mechanisms of both central and peripheral character, controlling the act of breathing. The greatest importance in the formation of dyspnea given changes of the functional state of receptors respiratory muscles, the tracheobronchial tree, pulmonary parenchyma and vessels of the pulmonary circulation.

Increased frequency of respiratory movements occur in humans with a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, but there is shortness of breath due to changes in the sensitivity of perception of breathing, often unexpressed tachypnea. Disease for which there is shortness of breath associated with damage to the respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous system. Shortness of breath may occur due to obstructive or restrictive processes in the lung.

Obstructive apnea is peculiar type of diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, lung eamfizema, foreign body airway restrictive same type of apnea occurs when fibrosis, pneumothorax, extensive pneumonia, atelectasis. Shortness of breath develops and congestive heart failure - also called cardiac dyspnea. Central type of apnea is usually hyperventilation character.

With recognition of the nature of dyspnea address the following characteristics: the degree of dyspnea, the patient's position during dyspnea, cyanosis, severity, the nature of listening to wheezing, shortness of breath with a combination of cough, dyspnea pace of development. In assessing the degree of dyspnea into account the number of respiratory movements in 1 min and the appearance of paroxysmal dyspnea. A heart, and the origin of dyspnea during an attack of asthma patients take the forced sitting position.

Acrocyanosis - a sign of congestive heart failure. Diffuse cyanosis characteristic of thromboembolic pulmonary artery branches and also noted in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases. Pale gray cyanosis - a sign of emphysema. Dyspnea crowing character develops in contact with foreign bodies, tumors of the upper respiratory tract.

In obstructive lung disease accompanied by cough, shortness of breath discharge of mucous or muco-purulent sputum. The combination of dyspnea and chest pain typical of pneumothorax, thromboembolic pulmonary artery branches. Shortness of breath, combined with a fall in blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia is a poor predictor. The sudden increase in shortness of breath characteristic of patients with thromboembolic pulmonary artery branches and pnevomtoraksom.

Analysis of patients clarifies the nature of breathlessness. Listens to a lot of dry rales are characteristic of patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. The presence of rales in lowback parts of the chest, cardiac arrhythmias and heart sounds suggest <heart> nature of breathlessness.

Additional studies of patients with asthma, including x-rays of the chest, ECG, blood gas study, clarify the nature of breathlessness.

Rentgenomorfologicheskaya picture of the chest reveals the characteristic diagnostic signs of pneumonia, pleurisy, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, valvular heart disease. Provides important information electrocardiography, to detect signs of pulmonary heart disease, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia.

In the study of stress in the arterial blood of 02 and C02 - set the severity of hypoxemia and hypercapnia.

Hysteria

Seizures generalized tonic convulsions may occur in hysteria.
Usually hysterics develops in response to trauma, emotional distress.

Seizure occurs without aura, and is not accompanied by off consciousness. The patient falls, but it does not hurt.
Emerging tonic seizures are artsy character, is a great variety in forms, and in duration than differ significantly from the relatively stereotyped epileptic seizure genesis.
Typical of the so-called hysterical arc when the patient leans on the bed only head and heels, and the body arched.
Patients may bite the tips of the fingers, the tip of the tongue, lips.
Eyes during a seizure tightly together, and patients actively resist attempts to open them.
If it succeeds, it may be noted that the pupils (as opposed to epilepsy) respond well to light.
Occasionally there incontinence, but never develops defecation.
Following the form of tonic seizures may develop clinical seizures, but unlike the epileptic they are indiscriminate in nature and resemble purposeful movements: patients tearing their clothes, beat his head on the floor, etc.
Sleep after the attack usually does not occur.
Emergency. Must be removed from the premises of innocent people, to create a peaceful environment.
Attending physician and shall be such that the patient understand that nothing bad had happened to him.
Prescribe tranquilizers (Seduxen, Elenium).
Hospitalization is not shown.

Anuria

Symptoms. Stop urination. After 1 - 3 day absence of urine the symptoms of kidney failure: dry mouth, thirst, nausea, vomiting, headache, itchy skin. In the body of nitrogenous waste products accumulate - protein decomposition products, as well as potassium, chloride, non-volatile organic acids. Acidosis occurs. Broken water and salt metabolism. The growth azotemicheskoy intoxication leads to the development of uremia, there is a weakness, drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes swelling, shortness of breath, blackout, ammonia smell from the mouth. Urea and serum creatinine increases to 100-200 and 12-15 mg / dL, respectively, and sometimes higher (normal levels of urea in the blood serum of 15-35 mg / dl, creatinine - 1-1.5 mg / dL).

Diagnosis. Anuria primarily differentiated from acute urinary retention. In children, acute retention of urine sometimes occurs due to spasm of the sphincter of the bladder. In other cases, the child can freely hold urine because of pain of urination (with vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis). The cause of urinary retention in children may also be phimosis, urethral trauma, central nervous system diseases, stones, suffered from the urethra. In adults, acute urinary retention may be adenoma and prostate cancer, fracture urethral obstruction urethral stones, acute prostatitis, paraproctitis, diseases of the central nervous system. To exclude acute urinary retention is necessary to make catheterization of the bladder. In anuria by a catheter inserted into the bladder, the urine does not stand out or you see a few drops of it.
It is important to determine the form of anuria (excretory or secretory), as it affects the nature of the therapeutic measures. The presence of calculous anuria origin according to data history (urolithiasis, stone passage, about the removal of the kidney stone disease), prior anuria renal colic. When tumors of the pelvic organs before the advent of anuria in patients can be a pain in the lumbar region. Secretory anuria not accompanied by such pain. In patients suffering from endocarditis, heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, or with a history of stroke, the cause of anuria may be renal vein thrombosis.
Emergency. In patients with pre-renal form of secretory anuria emergency medical assistance should be directed to the maintenance of cardiovascular activity. With symptoms of circulatory collapse, collapse should be introduced subcutaneously 2.1 ml of a 10% solution of caffeine intravenously - 20 ml of 40% glucose solution and put the heating pad to the feet. In shock (see) must quickly to restore normal blood pressure. With a large blood loss requires immediate redress and its use of the devices sposobstvuyuschihsch stabilize vascular tone (central venous pressure), which is used intravenously poliglyukina 400-800 ml, 300-500 ml gemodeza (neokompensana).
Admissions to state of shock - in the intensive care unit.
When obstructive anuria main form of treatment - operational, so patients with this type of anuria shown urgent hospitalization or urological surgery, where it is possible to provide emergency assistance, including emergency cystoscopy, catheterization of the ureters, the x-rays and emergency surgical removal of the cause of the violation of the passage of urine the upper urinary tract (removal of the stone, drainage pelvic kidney, etc.).
When renal anuria caused by poisoning Renting, post-abortion sepsis, acute renal failure, require emergency hospitalization, which has a device for peritoneal dialysis or device <artificial kidney>. In anuria due to chronic kidney disease or severe heart failure hospitalization in emergency medical department.
Anuria - complete cessation of receipt of urine in the bladder. Must be distinguished from the anuria of acute urinary retention in which the bladder is full of urine, but urine is impossible because of the outflow obstruction of urine through the urethra. In anuria bladder is empty. Or urine excreted by the kidneys, or do not come into the bladder due to obstacles in the course of the upper urinary tract. Depending on the cause of the Lich arenalnuyu time, pre-renal, renal and subrenalnuyu and reflex anuria. Arenalnaya anuria is rare. It occurs in infants with congenital absence (aplasia of the kidneys). The absence of urine in infants in the first 24h of life - is normal and should not be fearsome. Prolonged absence of urination in the infant requires clarification reasons of urgency. Babies may be a delay of urine due to the presence of thin adhesions in tverstiya external urethral valves or congenital urethra.

Strengthening hair

1). Never wash your hair with hot water, only lukewarm.
2). Never wash your hair with tap water. Be sure to boil, soften it, to make herbal tea to wash it.
3). Protect your head from the cold, not to zastuzhivalis hair roots, protect from heat and sun.
4). Hair loss, alopecia useful systematically to eat or drink buckthorn berries decoction of young twigs, and this decoction to wash my hair. Well after washing the hair rub in a head sea buckthorn oil, 2 times a week.
5). Grass (a branch of juniper) mix evenly with the leaves of birch. Handful of the mixture to boil 3 liters of water in 5 minutes. Wrap up warm for an hour. Then this decoction to wash my hair and rinse. Strengthens hair.
6). Onions. Take a small onion, peel it, grate. Wrap grated in gauze, folded several times. Rub into the scalp. A few hours wash and rinse your head. It is advisable in this case to cut it short. After a few treatments away dandruff, itching disappears, hair strengthening, making hair supple and soft.
7). Onion juice. Rub onion juice with brandy and strong condensed decoction of burdock root. To one part brandy should take 4 pieces of onion juice and 6 parts of decoction of burdock root. It is considered by the people as a good tool.
8). Burdock root - 20 gr., Water - 200 gr. Cook over low heat until half the original volume, so that the broth was condensed. Then mix it in half with pork visceral fat by heating up, pour into the pot, cover, coat the dough and put in the oven or oven for a few hours. After cooled to the thickened mass drained if it is. Weight is a good hair restorer. Even better lubricate the scalp fresh juice mug. Dig up the roots, rinse quickly with cold water. Very quickly grate, squeeze the juice. Do it quickly because the grated root is rapidly oxidized in air and darkens. Can this pickle juice alcohol 1:1. Rubbing of the juice should dilute it half with water, rub 2-3 times a week.
9). Castor oil mix evenly with 96% alcohol. Rub a cotton swab into the scalp. After 3-4 hours wash the head with children or lanolin soap. Rinsed with acidified water. Acidified water is as follows: In the water for rinsing squeezed juice of 1/2 lemon, 1/2 tablespoons of vinegar.
10). Collection 1: the thyme - 20 oz.; Willow bark - 20 gr., Oak bark - 20 gr. 4 tablespoons of the mixture boil for 15 minutes in one liter of water. Cool the drain. Rub into the scalp with alopecia.
11). Collection number 2: willow bark - 20 gr.; Burdock root - 20 gr. 4 tablespoons of the mixture boil for 15 minutes in one liter of water. Cool the drain. Rub into the scalp with hair loss, dandruff and itching of the skin.
12). Gathering # 3: nettle leaves - 30 gr., Leaves mother and stepmother - 30 oz.; Calamus rhizome - 20 gr., 6 tablespoons of the mixture boil for 10 minutes in one liter of water. Encased in 1:00 warmer. When cool strain. Decoction to wash my hair three times a week for dandruff and hair loss.
13). In boiling water, a little warm, but not higher than 40-50 degrees add honey to 1 liter of water 2 tablespoons. This water to wet the head or rub into the scalp two times a week. Strengthens hair and promotes growth.
14). Wormwood Chernobyl. Broth Chernobyl if they wash your face twice a day. Promotes hair growth (beard) on his face.
15). Rinse hair have several times with warm water and natural lemon juice or vinegar (1 l. Water 2 teaspoons lemon juice or 1 table. Vinegar).
16). Heal-all. Table 3. Tablespoons herbs simmer 10 minutes. In the closed liter vessel. Insist wrapped 4 hours, strain. It is used for washing the hair with dandruff and a bath and washing with ospalitelnyh processes of the skin. Decoction is effective for dandruff scalp.
17). Stone bramble, the whole plant from the roots. Decoction of the plant by the roots wash head for dandruff and hair increments.
18). Nettle. 100 Gy. Shredded leaves pour 0.5 liters. And 0.5 liters of vodka. Vinegar. Cook for 30 minutes. When cool, squeeze. This decoction to wash my hair at night before going to bed (no soap).

Acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis - an illness, accident, this is a very dangerous disease, along with a heart attack and stroke, and not all patients have successfully come out of it. Under a diagnosis of "pancreatitis" in medicine means inflammation of the pancreas, pancreatitis is acute and chronic. Chronic pancreatitis is combined with a reduction in the production of digestive enzymes, that is, an enzyme deficiency.
Acute pancreatitis develops suddenly and unexpectedly. Ill may feel a sharp pain in his stomach zoster nature, nausea, vomiting. There may come a rapid pressure drop or rise. Temperature may rise. The disease is sometimes accompanied by a shock. The patient can be severe weakness, skin is covered with large drops of sweat, tongue dry and coated white and brown patina.

The most reliable survey is to determine the diastase in the blood plasma or urine. The norm in the urine of 16-64 units. In acute pancreatitis diastase (amylase) in urine may be a few thousand units. If diastasis less than 8, it says nothing of pankreanekroze leaves little chance of survival.
Cause of acute pancreatitis is a long spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and activated pancreas on the development of proteolytic enzymes (amylase, trypsin, lipase). As their access to 12-duodenum is blocked, they start to "digest" the pancreas itself and come in large quantities in the blood. The sphincter of Oddi is a kind of valve, through which a 12-duodenum receives pancreatic enzymes and bile from the liver. If this valve spasm long time, there is stagnation of enzymes in the pancreas and bile in the gall bladder, which leads to their inflammation - pancreatitis and cholecystitis.
Cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi is atony and bloated stomach and pylorus unclosed. Normally, when the pylorus is open sphincter closed. If all the time gaping pylorus, the stomach acid comes in 12 duodenum, irritate its walls and contribute to the spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. In this case, pancreatitis provided.
Often accompanied by cholecystitis and pancreatitis, gastritis. The stomach acid Wednesday, 12 duodenal ulcer - alkaline. They shared the pylorus. If he ceases to be closed, the stomach acid eating away at the wall 12 of the duodenum and cause inflammation and bile highly alkaline enzymes 12 duodenal ulcer cause inflammation of the stomach (gastritis).
Acute pancreatitis - a threat to life, when it is necessary to cause a fit of "first aid". Need a team of three experts - physicians, surgeons and critical care medicine.

Balance of mind

Researchers studying the unusual abilities of the person, claim that psychic abilities are manifested most often in those who have a more developed right hemisphere. Subjects psychics more or less informed, shape, color, material unseen object, but not its name and purpose.

The right hemisphere of the brain is connected to the left side of the body and the left hemisphere - with the right. Traditional medicine, using the principle of feedback and acting only on the right or only on the left side of the body, successfully healed many mental illnesses. Indian yoga uses breathing exercises to activate only the left or only the right hemisphere. To do this, they breathe only the left or only the right nostril, closing the opposite.
On how much brain work well, depends on the biochemical and biophysical condition of the body with all the consequences for health. Many diseases are associated with the fact that the person there is a clear functional imbalance in the brain. Chronic fatigue syndrome may occur with the constant stress and engagement as only the left hemisphere.
With constant involvement in the work of the right hemisphere may be pernicious craving for strong stimulants (alcohol, smoking), which gives the illusion of relief from negative emotions.
Universal way of healing many ailments will normalize the balance between the two hemispheres, the conscious control of their work. Involvement of alternating work of one or the other hemisphere quickly affect the biochemistry of the body, so that will be eliminated causes of disease.
Permanent dominance of one way of thinking - logical or emotional - will lead to overheating of the subcortical brain structures. Eliminating bioenergetic stress subcortex - a conscious switching of logical thinking on the emotional and vice versa.
Man breaks the harmony not only in itself but also in the world. From his wrong actions and behavior are affected animals, plants and the entire biosphere of the Earth.

Coffee or tea?

Drink of coffee is not so much a tonic as taste value. Coffee beans contain 1-3% caffeine. Instant coffee - dried extract is natural, it has less flavor substances and has 3-5% caffeine. The expensive varieties of instant coffee contains original and complex taste and flavors, which, along with the selection of varieties, maturity, grain drying technology, roasting and grinding create a unique aroma and taste of coffee.

In the coffee too much vitamin PP (niacin), and potassium. But this benefit ends. Strong and frequent (more than 3 times a day), coffee is contraindicated in angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, glaucoma, hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, gastritis with increased secretion and many other diseases, as well as in old age.
People accustomed to the coffee, believe that the stomach does not cook, and a headache, if after eating not drink coffee. Many people think that you can not live without coffee. This is not so - the coffee was before the medicine, now became food. Constipation, strong heartbeat and head diseases that come from unreasonable use of coffee, mostly attributed to his physique.
Large and frequent doses of coffee after a brief improve mental and physical performance, reduce fatigue and drowsiness leading to depletion of nerve cells.
Only lowered blood pressure under the influence of caffeine increases blood pressure in the normal significant shift, as simultaneously with the initiation of respiratory, vasomotor center and the heart dilates blood vessels of skeletal muscles (especially the veins of the legs). Dilates blood vessels of the heart and kidneys, arteries of the brain and venous sinuses (path) of the brain are narrowed. Constrict blood vessels and abdominal organs (except kidney).
Caffeine is a part of almost all the headache pills. Why? Extending the leg veins and narrowing veins of the brain, caffeine promotes blood flow to the brain and deposits (collects) her legs. Remember the varices!
Coffee is a diuretic, do not forget that those who can not necessarily absent himself on work.
Tea and coffee as a flavor and a slightly lower value of tonic, contains 2-3% caffeine, niacin and potassium. The similarity ends.
Leaf tea plant contain from 9 to 35% tannins, lecithin (regulates cholesterol metabolism), nucleoproteins (containing iron, fluorine and manganese), essential oils, and vitamins C, B1, B2, K, pantothenic acid.
In contrast to the black in the green tea more vitamins, and its strong infusion useful in colitis. Tea, especially green, quenches thirst better than coffee. Useful only freshly brewed tea. Stood for more than 20 minutes and leaves the Chinese tea leaves are called "viper venom", while insisting no more than 4 minutes. It is best to use a mixture of black (mostly taste factor) and green (mainly anti-cancer factor) 1:1 tea, as soon as the green hot tea is more aggressive to the gastric mucosa.
Because some components of tea (caffeine, purine) are in relationship with uric acid, this drink is not recommended for gout and other diseases in violation of purine metabolism.