View ametropia in which parallel rays coming from objects located far are connected ahead of the retina.
Etiology and pathogenesis. Myopia often caused lengthening anteroposterior axis of the eye, at least, over the refractive power of the optical media. Contribute to the development of myopia intense visual work at close range with a weakened accommodation and hereditary predisposition. With the weakness of the sclera is a progressive stretching of the eyeball, which leads to changes in the cardiovascular and retina.
The weakening of accommodation and stretching of the sclera can occur under the influence of common infections and intoxications, endocrine changes and metabolic disorders.
Symptoms within. Decrease in visual acuity, especially away. Vision improved from the oversight of the eyes of the negative lens. When working in close proximity may have pain in the eyes, in the forehead and temples. Myopia usually begins to develop in the early years of schooling. Its degree in the future often gradually increased to 18 to 20 years of age.
In some cases the elongation of the eyeball can be pathological, causing degeneration and recurrent hemorrhages in the macula, retina tears and detachment, vitreous haze.
If not promptly corrected glasses myopia due to excessive work of the internal rectus muscles and the lack of momentum to accommodation binocular vision can be upset and appear exotropia.
The diagnosis is based on the determination of refraction after instillation into the conjunctival sac of 0.5-1% solution of atropine sulfate, 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 3 days.
Treatment. With mild to moderate myopia, as a rule - complete or almost complete optical correction for distance and weaker (for 1 - 2 diopters) lens for use in close quarters.
With a high degree of myopia - constant correction, the value of which for distance and near vision is defined by tolerance. If glasses are not increase visual acuity, should contact correction. Exercises for the ciliary muscle to improve the accommodative ability.
Careful observance of hygiene in the home and at school (adequate lighting of the workplace, the right fit for reading, writing, etc.), regular physical exercise and sports (by a doctor), the correct mode of the day, frequent alternation of visual load with rest for the eyes ( every 30 - 40 minutes sessions for 10-15 minutes rest, better in the open air).
With the progression of myopia prescribed medication: calcium gluconate 0.5 g 3-6 times a day for 10 days, ascorbic acid 0.05 - 0.1 g 2-3 times a day for 3 - 4 weeks, nicotinic acid at 0.005-0.05 g 3 times a day for 20 days, galidor by 0.05-0.1 g, 2 times a day for 2-3 weeks.
When chorioretinal complications - nigeksin on 0,125-0,25 g 3 times a day for a month, Tren-tal by 0.05-0.1 g 3 times a day after meals for a month, riboflavin at 0.002-0.005 g of 2 - 3 times a day for 1-1.5 months, subconjunctival injection of 0.2% solution of ATP, 0.2 ml daily or every other day, 10-12 injections on theophylline with 0.05-0.1 g of nicotinic acid on 0.02-0.1 g 2-3 times a day for 2-3 days in a row with a break for 2-3 days, only for 10-15 days, tissue preparations, better suspension placenta 1 ml n / a 1 per 7-10 days, the course of 3.4 injections (tissue preparations should not be administered during puberty).
Prevention. General strengthening of the body. Restriction of the visual work in close quarters. Compliance with all the requirements of hygiene. Training of the ciliary muscle with impaired accommodation. Eliminating pseudomyopia.
Etiology and pathogenesis. Myopia often caused lengthening anteroposterior axis of the eye, at least, over the refractive power of the optical media. Contribute to the development of myopia intense visual work at close range with a weakened accommodation and hereditary predisposition. With the weakness of the sclera is a progressive stretching of the eyeball, which leads to changes in the cardiovascular and retina.
The weakening of accommodation and stretching of the sclera can occur under the influence of common infections and intoxications, endocrine changes and metabolic disorders.
Symptoms within. Decrease in visual acuity, especially away. Vision improved from the oversight of the eyes of the negative lens. When working in close proximity may have pain in the eyes, in the forehead and temples. Myopia usually begins to develop in the early years of schooling. Its degree in the future often gradually increased to 18 to 20 years of age.
In some cases the elongation of the eyeball can be pathological, causing degeneration and recurrent hemorrhages in the macula, retina tears and detachment, vitreous haze.
If not promptly corrected glasses myopia due to excessive work of the internal rectus muscles and the lack of momentum to accommodation binocular vision can be upset and appear exotropia.
The diagnosis is based on the determination of refraction after instillation into the conjunctival sac of 0.5-1% solution of atropine sulfate, 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 3 days.
Treatment. With mild to moderate myopia, as a rule - complete or almost complete optical correction for distance and weaker (for 1 - 2 diopters) lens for use in close quarters.
With a high degree of myopia - constant correction, the value of which for distance and near vision is defined by tolerance. If glasses are not increase visual acuity, should contact correction. Exercises for the ciliary muscle to improve the accommodative ability.
Careful observance of hygiene in the home and at school (adequate lighting of the workplace, the right fit for reading, writing, etc.), regular physical exercise and sports (by a doctor), the correct mode of the day, frequent alternation of visual load with rest for the eyes ( every 30 - 40 minutes sessions for 10-15 minutes rest, better in the open air).
With the progression of myopia prescribed medication: calcium gluconate 0.5 g 3-6 times a day for 10 days, ascorbic acid 0.05 - 0.1 g 2-3 times a day for 3 - 4 weeks, nicotinic acid at 0.005-0.05 g 3 times a day for 20 days, galidor by 0.05-0.1 g, 2 times a day for 2-3 weeks.
When chorioretinal complications - nigeksin on 0,125-0,25 g 3 times a day for a month, Tren-tal by 0.05-0.1 g 3 times a day after meals for a month, riboflavin at 0.002-0.005 g of 2 - 3 times a day for 1-1.5 months, subconjunctival injection of 0.2% solution of ATP, 0.2 ml daily or every other day, 10-12 injections on theophylline with 0.05-0.1 g of nicotinic acid on 0.02-0.1 g 2-3 times a day for 2-3 days in a row with a break for 2-3 days, only for 10-15 days, tissue preparations, better suspension placenta 1 ml n / a 1 per 7-10 days, the course of 3.4 injections (tissue preparations should not be administered during puberty).
Prevention. General strengthening of the body. Restriction of the visual work in close quarters. Compliance with all the requirements of hygiene. Training of the ciliary muscle with impaired accommodation. Eliminating pseudomyopia.
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